Andorra

Andorra is a small, landlocked country located in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. It is one of the smallest nations in Europe, covering just 468 square kilometers. The country has a unique political system, being a parliamentary co-principality with two co-princes—the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell in Spain. Its capital, Andorra la Vella.

Andorra has a rich history dating back to ancient times. Traditionally believed to have been founded by Charlemagne in the 8th century as a reward for helping fight the Moors, Andorra was later formalized in 1278 through a unique agreement called the Paréage, which established joint sovereignty between the Bishop of Urgell in Spain and the Count of Foix in France. This arrangement evolved over centuries, with the Count's rights passing to the French crown and eventually to the French President.